Basis of the difference

Participle

Gerun

1. Definition

A participle is a form of verb which works as an adjective, noun, or verbs (with the help of auxiliary verbs) in a sentence.

A gerund is a present participle (verb + ing) which works as a noun in a sentence.

2. Relation

A definite type of present participle can be gerunds.

All the gerunds are participles; present participles to be exact.

3. Function

A participle can function as a verb (with the help of auxiliaries), an adjective, an adverb, and a noun.

A gerund can only function as a noun.

4. Types

Participles are mainly of two types:
1. Present Participle 2. Past Participle

A gerund is a type of present participle itself. However, it can be divided into two types:
1. Subject Gerund 2. Object Gerund

5. Examples

1.I saw him sitting there.
2.They had broken up their marriage.
3.Don’t sit on that spinning chair.
4.Playing for this team is an honor.
5.I will be sleeping at this time tomorrow.

1.Sitting idly is not in my habit.
2.Breaking up is easy but putting together is not. 
3.   Chair-sitting is a funny game.
4.Playing for this team is an honor.
5. Sleeping at this hour of the day is not good for health.